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Subhead 2.0 covers the various aspects and specifications related to earth work in construction projects. Below is a detailed explanation of each section along with examples.
Example: Setting up burjis as reference points for the height and slope during excavation to ensure accurate levels.
Soils are classified under the following categories:
Example: Excavating a trench in hard rock requires chiseling if blasting is not allowed due to nearby structures.
Example: Discovering old coins during excavation must be reported and handed over to the authorities.
Protection of existing structures and services, such as buildings, pipelines, and cables, during excavation.
Example: Installing protective barriers around water pipelines to prevent damage during trench excavation.
Includes the removal of trees, shrubs, rubbish, and structures before starting excavation. Trees with girth above 30 cm require written permission for removal.
Example: Clearing a site of debris and obtaining permission to cut down trees before starting excavation for a building foundation.
Establishing reference points and profiles to guide the excavation process. This includes creating a bench mark and setting out the excavation area.
Example: Erecting a masonry pillar as a bench mark to maintain reference levels throughout the excavation process.
Blasting procedures must be approved by the Engineer-in-Charge. Blasting is generally not allowed in ordinary rock unless absolutely necessary.
Example: Using controlled blasting methods to break up hard rock for foundation excavation, following safety protocols.
Specifications for excavation in various soils, maintaining natural drainage, and ensuring excavation is done from top to bottom without undercutting.
Example: Excavating a trench for a water pipeline while ensuring that the natural drainage of the area is not disrupted.
Includes procedures for excavation, maintaining natural drainage, and using chiseling or blasting as required.
Example: Excavating a basement in hard rock using chiseling to achieve the correct levels and slopes.
Using machinery for excavation, ensuring safety measures are in place for workers.
Example: Using an excavator for large-scale excavation projects to increase efficiency and safety.
Specifications for filling excavated areas with suitable material, consolidating each layer by watering and ramming.
Example: Filling a trench with excavated earth in 20 cm layers, each compacted to prevent settlement.
Guidelines for measuring excavation and filling, including the use of steel tape and recording levels.
Example: Measuring the depth of an excavation using a steel tape and recording the levels before and after the work.
Rates include the cost of excavation, handling antiquities, protection, site clearance, setting out profiles, and other operations.
Example: The rate for excavation includes all associated activities such as clearing the site, protecting existing structures, and disposing of excavated material.
Excavation not exceeding 30 cm in depth for large areas, measured and paid for separately.
Example: Surface excavation for landscaping a garden area, ensuring it does not exceed 30 cm depth.
Excavation for borrow pits or hillside cutting, following specified guidelines for measurement and payment.
Example: Excavating soil from a borrow pit for use in filling low-lying areas on the construction site.
Excavation exceeding 1.5 m in width and 10 sqm in plan, for basements, water tanks, etc.
Example: Excavating a large area for a basement, ensuring the width and depth meet the specified criteria.
Similar to 2.15 but for ordinary and hard rock, requiring specific excavation methods.
Example: Excavating an area for a water tank in hard rock using controlled blasting and chiseling.
Excavation not exceeding 1.5 m in width or 10 sqm in plan for foundations and drains.
Example: Excavating a trench for a building foundation in soft soil, ensuring the trench is within the specified dimensions.
Similar to 2.17 but for ordinary and hard rock, following specified excavation methods.
Example: Excavating a narrow trench for a foundation in hard rock using chiseling and wedging.
Specifications for trench excavation for utility lines and refilling the trenches after installation.
Example: Excavating a trench for electrical cables, laying the cables, and refilling the trench with compacted earth.
Temporary support for trench sides to prevent collapse, using close or open planking and strutting.
Example: Installing wooden planks and struts to support the sides of a deep trench during excavation.
Excavation in conditions involving water or foul positions, including bailing or pumping out water.
Example: Excavating a foundation in an area with high groundwater, requiring continuous pumping to keep the site dry.
Specifications for filling trenches and plinths with excavated earth, ensuring proper compaction and dressing.
Example: Filling a trench around a foundation with excavated earth in layers, each compacted and watered to prevent settlement.
Using sand for filling in plinths to provide a stable base for construction.
Example: Filling a plinth with sand and compacting it to create a stable base for a concrete floor.
Dressing the surface of the excavation area to the required shape and level.
Example: Surface dressing a landscaped garden area to achieve the desired contours and levels.
Clearing jungle and vegetation from the site before starting excavation.
Example: Removing dense vegetation from a construction site to prepare it for excavation and building work.
Cutting down trees with permission from the Engineer-in-Charge, including removing roots.
Example: Felling large trees on a construction site after obtaining the necessary approvals, and removing the roots to clear the site for building.
Treating soil and structures to prevent termite infestation, following specified stages and methods.
Example: Applying anti-termite treatment to the soil around a building foundation to protect it from termite damage.
Using flyash mixed with earth for filling, ensuring proper compaction and consolidation.
Example: Filling an embankment with layers of flyash and earth, each compacted with a power roller to achieve the desired density.
Subhead 2.0 provides detailed guidelines for various earth work operations in construction projects, ensuring safe, efficient, and standardized procedures. It covers the classification of soils, excavation methods, protection of existing structures, measurement and payment criteria, and specific requirements for different types of earth work.
Thu Jul 4, 2024
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