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The unit of measurement specifies the way work quantities are calculated. Common units in construction include:
Example:
The way the quantity is measured based on the scope of work:
Example:
For road excavation, if the original estimate was based on a bill of quantities, but due to site conditions, the excavation quantity increases, the measurement might change to "as executed."
The actual process of calculating the quantities to be billed based on the unit of measurement and the measurement method.
| Item Description | Quantity (UOM) | Rate | Amount |
| Concrete for slab | 10 m³ | ₹5000/m³ | ₹50,000 |
| Wall plastering | 200 m² | ₹50/m² | ₹10,000 |
Example: Concrete for slab is measured in cubic meters (m³), with a rate of ₹5000 per cubic meter. The total quantity is 10 m³, leading to a billing amount of ₹50,000.
Example:
If the original plan for electrical work involved 100 meters of wiring and, due to changes, it increases to 120 meters, the additional 20 meters would be measured separately.
This refers to an adjustment made based on the portion of work completed. It is often used when the work is done in stages, and billing is done accordingly.
| Item Description | Total Quantity (UOM) | Completed Quantity (UOM) | Rate | Amount |
| Earthwork (Excavation) | 500 m³ | 300 m³ | ₹300/m³ | ₹90,000 |
| Road Asphalt | 1000 m² | 600 m² | ₹200/m² | ₹120,000 |
Example:
If the excavation work is 500 m³ but only 300 m³ is completed, billing will be done for the 300 m³ at ₹300 per cubic meter.
A detailed breakdown of the cost of each item, including materials, labor, and overheads, based on the quantity being measured.
| Item Description | Material Cost (₹) | Labor Cost (₹) | Overheads (₹) | Total Cost (₹) |
| Concrete for slab | ₹30,000 | ₹10,000 | ₹10,000 | ₹50,000 |
| Electrical wiring | ₹15,000 | ₹5,000 | ₹5,000 | ₹25,000 |
Example:
For concrete, the total cost is calculated by adding the material cost, labor cost, and overheads. For 10 m³, this gives a total cost of ₹50,000.
This refers to a fixed price for a defined scope of work, regardless of the actual quantity.
Example:
The construction of a boundary wall for a project may be priced as a lump sum amount, regardless of the final measurement.
Understanding and using the correct mode of measurement in billing engineering and contract management ensures accuracy in cost estimation, payment processing, and contract management.
9. Breakdown of Items (Sub-Items)
Sometimes, an item is broken down into sub-items for easier measurement and payment. Each sub-item represents a detailed portion of the overall task.
| Item Description | Sub-Item Description | Quantity (UOM) | Rate | Amount |
| Concrete for slab | Concrete base (for slab) | 5 m³ | ₹5000/m³ | ₹25,000 |
| Concrete top (for slab) | 5 m³ | ₹5000/m³ | ₹25,000 |
Example:
The total concrete for the slab is 10 m³, broken down into base and top portions, each with 5 m³.
Temporary works are items that are not part of the permanent construction but are essential for construction activities. These are also measured and billed separately.
| Item Description | Quantity (UOM) | Rate | Amount |
| Temporary scaffolding | 100 m² | ₹150/m² | ₹15,000 |
| Temporary access roads | 200 m | ₹200/m | ₹40,000 |
Example:
Temporary scaffolding is measured in square meters (m²) based on the area it covers. Access roads are measured in linear meters (m) based on their length.
Some items of work, like maintenance, cleaning, or temporary works, are billed on a monthly basis, where the rate is multiplied by the number of months of use.
| Item Description | Quantity (Months) | Rate | Amount |
| Maintenance of construction site | 12 months | ₹10,000 | ₹1,20,000 |
| Temporary lighting | 6 months | ₹5,000 | ₹30,000 |
Example:
Maintenance is calculated on a per-month basis for 12 months. The total billing is ₹1,20,000.
Under re-measurement contracts, the actual quantities are measured at the end of the work, and the final payment is based on the re-measured quantities. This is common in projects where the scope of work is uncertain.
| Item Description | Initial Estimated Quantity | Final Quantity (as executed) | Rate | Amount |
| Earthwork (Excavation) | 1000 m³ | 1200 m³ | ₹300/m³ | ₹360,000 |
| Concrete for foundation | 150 m³ | 140 m³ | ₹5000/m³ | ₹700,000 |
Example:
Earthwork excavation was estimated at 1000 m³, but the actual executed work was 1200 m³, leading to an additional 200 m³ measured and billed.
Structural elements like beams, columns, slabs, and walls are measured according to their dimensions, with particular attention to depth, width, and length for accurate billing.
| Item Description | Length (m) | Width (m) | Height/Thickness (m) | Quantity (m³) | Rate | Amount |
| Concrete beam | 10 | 0.3 | 0.5 | 1.5 | ₹6000/m³ | ₹9,000 |
| Concrete column | 2 | 0.3 | 3 | 1.8 | ₹6000/m³ | ₹10,800 |
Example:
For a concrete beam, the volume is calculated by multiplying the length, width, and height. The total volume of concrete for the beam is 1.5 m³.
These are added as a percentage of the total cost of work to cover the contractor’s overhead costs and profits. This percentage is usually specified in the contract and can vary.
| Item Description | Total Cost (₹) | Overhead (%) | Profit (%) | Overhead Cost (₹) | Profit (₹) | Total Amount (₹) |
| Earthwork (Excavation) | ₹90,000 | 10% | 5% | ₹9,000 | ₹4,500 | ₹1,03,500 |
| Concrete foundation | ₹700,000 | 12% | 8% | ₹84,000 | ₹56,000 | ₹8,40,000 |
Example:
For earthwork excavation, the overhead cost is 10% of ₹90,000 (₹9,000), and the profit is 5% of ₹90,000 (₹4,500). The total amount to be billed is ₹1,03,500.
Retentions are a percentage of the total contract value withheld to ensure the contractor completes the work satisfactorily. These amounts are typically returned upon successful completion or rectification of defects.
| Item Description | Contract Value (₹) | Retention (%) | Retention Amount (₹) |
| Structural work | ₹500,000 | 5% | ₹25,000 |
| Electrical work | ₹200,000 | 5% | ₹10,000 |
Example:
If the total contract value for structural work is ₹500,000, the retention amount will be 5% of ₹500,000, i.e., ₹25,000.
Some works are billed on the basis of time, especially for manpower and machinery usage. These are often calculated hourly, daily, or monthly.
| Item Description | Unit of Time | Rate | Total Time | Amount |
| Crane Hire | Hour | ₹1000/hr | 50 hrs | ₹50,000 |
| Manpower (Labor) | Day | ₹500/day | 30 days | ₹15,000 |
Example:
The crane is hired for 50 hours at ₹1000 per hour, resulting in a total cost of ₹50,000.
The mode of measurement in billing engineering and contract management ensures accuracy in cost estimation and payment processes. These measurements help establish clarity between contractors, clients, and stakeholders, making the contract administration smoother. By understanding the terminology and utilizing appropriate measurement methods, professionals can manage projects more efficiently and fairly.
17. Measurement for Specialized Works
Specialized works like mechanical, electrical, and plumbing (MEP) are measured separately from general construction works. These items often require detailed breakdowns.
| Item Description | Quantity (UOM) | Rate | Amount |
| HVAC system installation | 500 m | ₹1000/m | ₹500,000 |
| Electrical wiring | 2000 m | ₹50/m | ₹100,000 |
| Plumbing works (piping) | 300 m | ₹200/m | ₹60,000 |
Example:
For HVAC system installation, the work is measured by the linear meter (m) of ducting or pipe used. Here, 500 meters are measured at ₹1000 per meter.
Finishing works like plastering, flooring, painting, and tiling are usually measured by area (square meters).
| Item Description | Quantity (m²) | Rate | Amount |
| Floor tiling | 200 m² | ₹500/m² | ₹100,000 |
| Wall painting | 300 m² | ₹150/m² | ₹45,000 |
Example:
Floor tiling is measured in square meters (m²), and the total area is 200 m². The total cost would be ₹100,000.
Bulk materials like sand, gravel, and cement are usually measured in tons (T) or cubic meters (m³), depending on the material's density.
| Item Description | Quantity (Tons) | Rate | Amount |
| Sand | 100 tons | ₹1500/ton | ₹150,000 |
| Cement | 50 tons | ₹4000/ton | ₹200,000 |
Example:
Sand is measured in tons, and the rate is ₹1500 per ton. If 100 tons of sand is required, the total cost will be ₹150,000.
Road construction, including pavements, curbs, and drains, often requires specialized measurement methods.
| Item Description | Quantity (m) | Rate | Amount |
| Road paving | 1000 m | ₹800/m | ₹800,000 |
| Concrete curb installation | 500 m | ₹400/m | ₹200,000 |
Example:
For road paving, the length is measured in meters (m), and the rate is ₹800 per meter. If 1000 meters of paving are required, the total cost will be ₹800,000.
Demolition works, such as the dismantling of old structures, are usually measured in cubic meters (m³) or tons (T), depending on the material being removed.
| Item Description | Quantity (m³) | Rate | Amount |
| Demolition of brick wall | 200 m³ | ₹500/m³ | ₹100,000 |
| Demolition of concrete slab | 100 m³ | ₹800/m³ | ₹80,000 |
Example:
Demolition work for a brick wall is measured in cubic meters (m³), and the rate is ₹500 per cubic meter. For 200 m³, the total cost will be ₹100,000.
For specialized mechanical, electrical, and plumbing (MEP) systems, detailed breakdowns and exact measurements are crucial.
| Item Description | Quantity (UOM) | Rate | Amount |
| Chilled water piping system | 300 m | ₹800/m | ₹240,000 |
| Electrical panel installation | 10 units | ₹20,000/unit | ₹200,000 |
| Firefighting piping | 150 m | ₹900/m | ₹135,000 |
Example:
For a chilled water piping system, the work is measured in meters (m). Here, 300 meters of piping at ₹800 per meter would total ₹240,000.
Temporary facilities like site offices, security fences, and worker accommodation are typically measured as lump sum items, but they can also be calculated by area or quantity.
| Item Description | Quantity (UOM) | Rate | Amount |
| Site office construction | Lump sum | ₹50,000 | ₹50,000 |
| Temporary security fencing | 500 m | ₹200/m | ₹100,000 |
Example:
The construction of a site office is usually billed as a lump sum amount, while temporary security fencing is measured in linear meters (m).
For underground services like pipelines, cables, and drainage systems, measurements are taken based on depth, length, and sometimes the type of material used.
| Item Description | Quantity (m) | Rate | Amount |
| Underground drainage pipes | 500 m | ₹500/m | ₹250,000 |
| Electrical cable (underground) | 300 m | ₹200/m | ₹60,000 |
Example:
For underground drainage pipes, the total length is measured in meters (m), and the rate is ₹500 per meter.
Reinforcement works (steel bars for concrete) are measured in weight (kilograms or tons). The total weight is calculated based on the length, diameter, and type of steel used.
| Item Description | Weight (kg) | Rate | Amount |
| Reinforcement steel (bars) | 1000 kg | ₹80/kg | ₹80,000 |
| Reinforcement (for slab) | 500 kg | ₹90/kg | ₹45,000 |
Example:
Reinforcement steel is measured in kilograms (kg). For 1000 kg of steel at ₹80 per kilogram, the total cost will be ₹80,000.
Landscaping works are measured based on area for soft landscaping (e.g., grass, plants) and linear measurements for hard landscaping (e.g., fences, pathways).
| Item Description | Quantity (m²) | Rate | Amount |
| Lawn area preparation | 500 m² | ₹30/m² | ₹15,000 |
| Garden bed construction | 100 m² | ₹150/m² | ₹15,000 |
Example:
Lawn area preparation is measured in square meters (m²), and the total area is 500 m². At ₹30 per square meter, the total amount is ₹15,000.
Overruns refer to quantities that exceed the estimated quantity, while underruns refer to quantities that are less than expected. These can be addressed through adjustment clauses in the contract.
| Item Description | Estimated Quantity | Actual Quantity | Difference | Adjustment |
| Concrete for slab | 100 m³ | 110 m³ | +10 m³ | Extra cost of ₹50,000 |
| Road paving | 1000 m | 950 m | -50 m | Deduction of ₹40,000 |
Example:
For concrete, the estimated quantity was 100 m³, but 110 m³ was required. The additional 10 m³ will incur an extra cost, which will be adjusted in the final bill.
These additional measurement practices and terminologies enhance the accuracy and transparency of billing in the construction industry. By incorporating them, construction professionals ensure that billing reflects the true scope of work, while minimizing disputes and maintaining fairness in contract execution. Understanding these measurements is critical for managing construction contracts and budgets effectively.
28. Measurement of Temporary Works for Site Preparation
Site preparation involves various temporary works like access roads, fencing, and site drainage. These are usually billed based on their area, volume, or duration of use.
| Item Description | Quantity (UOM) | Rate | Amount |
| Temporary site fencing | 200 m | ₹50/m | ₹10,000 |
| Site access road construction | 500 m² | ₹200/m² | ₹100,000 |
Example:
Temporary site fencing is measured by the linear meter (m), while the construction of access roads is measured by square meters (m²). The total cost for the site access road is calculated based on the area constructed.
Excavation and backfilling for foundations or trenches are usually measured in cubic meters (m³) or sometimes in linear meters (lm), depending on the project type.
| Item Description | Quantity (m³) | Rate | Amount |
| Excavation for foundation | 150 m³ | ₹500/m³ | ₹75,000 |
| Backfilling for foundation | 120 m³ | ₹400/m³ | ₹48,000 |
Example:
For excavation of 150 m³ at ₹500 per cubic meter, the total cost will be ₹75,000. Similarly, backfilling is charged based on the volume (m³) and rate.
Demolition works can be complex, especially when removing old structures or parts of buildings. This process is often measured based on the volume of materials removed or the total area affected.
| Item Description | Quantity (m³) | Rate | Amount |
| Demolition of existing structure | 500 m³ | ₹600/m³ | ₹300,000 |
Example:
Demolition is often billed by volume (m³), like the removal of 500 m³ of concrete at ₹600 per cubic meter.
For paving works, especially for roads or driveways, the measurements are based on area (m²) or sometimes linear measurement (m).
| Item Description | Quantity (m²) | Rate | Amount |
| Asphalt road paving | 1000 m² | ₹600/m² | ₹600,000 |
| Concrete road paving | 500 m² | ₹800/m² | ₹400,000 |
Example:
Road paving is measured in square meters (m²), and for asphalt paving, the total area of 1000 m² will result in a cost of ₹600,000.
Bar Bending Schedule (BBS) details the measurements and the type of steel used for reinforcing concrete structures. The weight of steel reinforcement is measured in kilograms (kg) or tons (T).
| Item Description | Quantity (kg) | Rate | Amount |
| Reinforcement for slab | 1000 kg | ₹80/kg | ₹80,000 |
| Reinforcement for column | 500 kg | ₹90/kg | ₹45,000 |
Example:
Reinforcement for a slab is measured in kilograms (kg). For 1000 kg of steel at ₹80 per kilogram, the total cost will be ₹80,000.
Road marking and signage are commonly measured in linear meters (lm) for markings and square meters (m²) for signs.
| Item Description | Quantity (lm) | Rate | Amount |
| Road line marking | 500 m | ₹50/m | ₹25,000 |
| Road signage installation | 10 signs | ₹2000/sign | ₹20,000 |
Example:
Road line marking is measured by linear meter (lm), and the total length marked is 500 m at ₹50 per meter. Road signage is measured as a lump sum or by the number of signs.
Drainage works, especially for underground systems, are typically measured in linear meters (lm) for pipes and cubic meters (m³) for excavation.
| Item Description | Quantity (m) | Rate | Amount |
| Drainage pipe installation | 300 m | ₹500/m | ₹150,000 |
| Excavation for drainage system | 150 m³ | ₹400/m³ | ₹60,000 |
Example:
Drainage pipes are measured in linear meters (lm), and for 300 meters of installation at ₹500 per meter, the total cost would be ₹150,000. Excavation for the drainage system is measured in cubic meters (m³).
Electrical and mechanical works such as cable laying, conduit installation, or HVAC ducting are usually measured by length, area, or volume, depending on the system type.
| Item Description | Quantity (m) | Rate | Amount |
| Cable laying (underground) | 500 m | ₹100/m | ₹50,000 |
| HVAC ducting installation | 200 m | ₹1200/m | ₹240,000 |
Example:
Cable laying is measured by length (m), and 500 meters of underground cable at ₹100 per meter results in a cost of ₹50,000. HVAC ducting is measured in linear meters (m).
Foundation works for buildings, including the digging of pits or trenches and the pouring of concrete, are typically measured by volume (m³) or by the number of foundations.
| Item Description | Quantity (m³) | Rate | Amount |
| Excavation for foundation | 300 m³ | ₹500/m³ | ₹150,000 |
| Concrete for foundation | 100 m³ | ₹6000/m³ | ₹600,000 |
Example:
Excavation for foundation is measured in cubic meters (m³). For 300 m³ at ₹500 per cubic meter, the total cost would be ₹150,000. Concrete is also measured in cubic meters (m³) for foundation works.
For drainage systems on-site, including trenches and pipes, the measurement method often includes both the excavation and installation of pipes.
| Item Description | Quantity (m) | Rate | Amount |
| Site drainage pipe laying | 200 m | ₹400/m | ₹80,000 |
| Excavation for drainage trench | 100 m³ | ₹350/m³ | ₹35,000 |
Example:
Site drainage pipe laying is measured in linear meters (m), while the excavation for drainage trenches is measured in cubic meters (m³).
For systems like HVAC, plumbing, and electrical, commissioning and testing are essential phases measured as part of the contract.
| Item Description | Quantity (UOM) | Rate | Amount |
| HVAC commissioning | Lump sum | ₹50,000 | ₹50,000 |
| Electrical system testing | Lump sum | ₹30,000 | ₹30,000 |
Example:
HVAC commissioning is usually measured as a lump sum, while electrical system testing may be similarly priced.
Earthworks, which include excavation, filling, grading, and leveling, are common tasks measured by volume (cubic meters) or area (square meters), depending on the type of work. It is essential to measure these works correctly, as they often make up a large portion of the project costs.
| Item Description | Quantity (m³) | Rate | Amount |
| Excavation for foundation | 500 m³ | ₹400/m³ | ₹200,000 |
| Embankment filling | 300 m³ | ₹350/m³ | ₹105,000 |
| Grading for roadworks | 200 m² | ₹150/m² | ₹30,000 |
Example:
For excavation of 500 m³ of soil at ₹400 per cubic meter, the total cost will be ₹200,000. Similarly, embankment filling and grading are measured in cubic meters and square meters, respectively.
Waterproofing is a specialized construction activity for preventing water ingress. The measurement is generally based on the surface area to be treated, often in square meters (m²).
| Item Description | Quantity (m²) | Rate | Amount |
| Waterproofing of basement walls | 200 m² | ₹150/m² | ₹30,000 |
| Waterproofing of roof terrace | 300 m² | ₹180/m² | ₹54,000 |
Example:
Waterproofing works are typically measured in square meters (m²). For the waterproofing of 200 m² of basement walls at ₹150 per square meter, the total cost is ₹30,000.
For structural steelwork, the measurement is done based on weight, as the steel components are generally measured by tons (T) or kilograms (kg).
| Item Description | Quantity (kg) | Rate | Amount |
| Structural steel beams | 5000 kg | ₹80/kg | ₹400,000 |
| Steel columns | 3000 kg | ₹90/kg | ₹270,000 |
Example:
Structural steel components like beams and columns are measured by weight. For 5000 kg of steel beams at ₹80 per kilogram, the total cost will be ₹400,000.
Formwork is used for shaping and supporting the concrete during the setting process. The quantity is measured in square meters (m²) for walls, slabs, and beams, and is based on the surface area to be formed.
| Item Description | Quantity (m²) | Rate | Amount |
| Formwork for concrete slab | 100 m² | ₹200/m² | ₹20,000 |
| Formwork for concrete column | 50 m² | ₹250/m² | ₹12,500 |
Example:
For slab formwork, 100 m² at ₹200 per square meter would cost ₹20,000. Similarly, for column formwork, 50 m² would cost ₹12,500.
Insulation works, such as thermal or acoustic insulation, are measured based on the surface area (square meters), and the rates can vary depending on the material used.
| Item Description | Quantity (m²) | Rate | Amount |
| Thermal insulation for roof | 500 m² | ₹120/m² | ₹60,000 |
| Acoustic insulation for walls | 300 m² | ₹150/m² | ₹45,000 |
Example:
Thermal insulation for a roof is measured in square meters (m²), with a total area of 500 m² at ₹120 per square meter, resulting in ₹60,000.
Finishing materials like tiles, paint, and other coatings are typically measured in square meters (m²). The quantity is determined by the area of walls, floors, or ceilings to be covered.
| Item Description | Quantity (m²) | Rate | Amount |
| Ceramic floor tiles | 200 m² | ₹500/m² | ₹100,000 |
| Painting of walls | 300 m² | ₹150/m² | ₹45,000 |
Example:
For ceramic floor tiles, 200 m² at ₹500 per square meter results in a total cost of ₹100,000. Similarly, wall painting costs ₹45,000 for 300 m².
Concrete works, such as slabs, beams, foundations, and columns, are typically measured by volume (m³). The concrete is priced based on its cubic volume, and the rate varies by the type of concrete.
| Item Description | Quantity (m³) | Rate | Amount |
| Concrete for foundation | 100 m³ | ₹5000/m³ | ₹500,000 |
| Concrete for slab | 200 m³ | ₹5500/m³ | ₹1,100,000 |
Example:
For concrete work in the foundation (100 m³ at ₹5000 per cubic meter), the total cost will be ₹500,000. For a slab (200 m³ at ₹5500 per cubic meter), the total cost will be ₹1,100,000.
Roofing and cladding works are generally measured in square meters (m²) or linear meters (lm) depending on the type of roof or cladding system being used.
| Item Description | Quantity (m²) | Rate | Amount |
| Roof sheet installation | 500 m² | ₹250/m² | ₹125,000 |
| Cladding of external walls | 800 m² | ₹300/m² | ₹240,000 |
Example:
Roof sheet installation is measured in square meters (m²). For 500 m² of roofing at ₹250 per square meter, the cost will be ₹125,000.
When demolishing existing structures, the measurement is often based on the volume of materials removed or the area of structures demolished.
| Item Description | Quantity (m²) | Rate | Amount |
| Demolition of brick wall | 100 m² | ₹250/m² | ₹25,000 |
| Demolition of concrete slab | 50 m² | ₹350/m² | ₹17,500 |
Example:
Demolition of a brick wall is measured by area (m²), and for 100 m² at ₹250 per square meter, the total cost would be ₹25,000.
Shoring and forming are temporary structures used to support buildings during construction. These works are usually measured in square meters (m²) or linear meters (lm).
| Item Description | Quantity (m²) | Rate | Amount |
| Shoring for foundation | 200 m² | ₹100/m² | ₹20,000 |
| Shoring for retaining wall | 100 m² | ₹150/m² | ₹15,000 |
Example:
Shoring for foundation is measured in square meters (m²), and for 200 m² at ₹100 per square meter, the cost will be ₹20,000.
Clearing and grubbing involve removing debris, trees, or vegetation from the construction site. This work is typically measured in square meters (m²) or acres.
| Item Description | Quantity (m²) | Rate | Amount |
| Clearing of site | 1000 m² | ₹20/m² | ₹20,000 |
| Grubbing of trees | 100 m² | ₹50/m² | ₹5000 |
Example:
Clearing of the site is measured in square meters (m²). For 1000 m² at ₹20 per square meter, the total cost will be ₹20,000.
Mechanical systems like HVAC, firefighting, and plumbing are typically measured by volume (m³), area (m²), or length (m), depending on the work type. These works require precise measurements to ensure proper billing.
| Item Description | Quantity (m) | Rate | Amount |
| HVAC ductwork installation | 200 m | ₹1000/m | ₹200,000 |
| Firefighting pipe installation | 150 m | ₹1500/m | ₹225,000 |
| Plumbing pipework installation | 300 m | ₹500/m | ₹150,000 |
Example:
For HVAC ductwork, it is measured in linear meters (m). For 200 meters of duct installation at ₹1000 per meter, the total amount will be ₹200,000.
At the end of the project, site restoration and cleanup work are measured based on area or volume. This may include removing debris, cleaning surfaces, and restoring the landscape.
| Item Description | Quantity (m²) | Rate | Amount |
| Site cleaning and debris removal | 2000 m² | ₹10/m² | ₹20,000 |
| Landscape restoration | 500 m² | ₹50/m² | ₹25,000 |
Example:
Site cleaning is measured in square meters (m²). For 2000 m² of cleanup at ₹10 per square meter, the total cost is ₹20,000.
Surface treatment such as polishing, painting, and other coatings are typically measured in square meters (m²), reflecting the area covered by the treatment.
| Item Description | Quantity (m²) | Rate | Amount |
| Floor polishing | 500 m² | ₹100/m² | ₹50,000 |
| Wall painting | 300 m² | ₹150/m² | ₹45,000 |
Example:
Floor polishing is measured in square meters (m²). For 500 m² at ₹100 per square meter, the total cost would be ₹50,000.
Brickwork is usually measured in cubic meters (m³) for volume-based works like walls and columns, or square meters (m²) for areas like cladding.
| Item Description | Quantity (m³) | Rate | Amount |
| Brick masonry for wall | 100 m³ | ₹4000/m³ | ₹400,000 |
| Brickwork for cladding | 200 m² | ₹200/m² | ₹40,000 |
Example:
Brick masonry for walls is measured in cubic meters (m³). For 100 m³ of brickwork at ₹4000 per cubic meter, the total cost will be ₹400,000.
Paving blocks, commonly used for roads, walkways, and other exterior surfaces, are measured by area (m²) or quantity (per block), depending on the type of work.
| Item Description | Quantity (m²) | Rate | Amount |
| Concrete paving blocks (laid) | 500 m² | ₹200/m² | ₹100,000 |
Example:
For laying 500 m² of paving blocks at ₹200 per square meter, the total cost will be ₹100,000.
Surveying and testing are necessary for confirming the quality and alignment of works. These are typically billed on a lump sum basis or by the unit of measurement for specific activities.
| Item Description | Quantity (Lump Sum) | Rate | Amount |
| Land surveying | Lump sum | ₹50,000 | ₹50,000 |
| Concrete testing (compression) | Lump sum | ₹30,000 | ₹30,000 |
Example:
Surveying is usually measured as a lump sum amount, and concrete testing can be billed on a lump sum basis for the testing of samples.
Pile foundation work is generally measured by the number of piles or by the total length of piles driven into the ground, depending on the project type.
| Item Description | Quantity (m) | Rate | Amount |
| Pile driving (bored piles) | 100 m | ₹3000/m | ₹300,000 |
| Pile cap construction | Lump sum | ₹150,000 | ₹150,000 |
Example:
Pile driving is measured in linear meters (m). For 100 meters of pile driving at ₹3000 per meter, the total cost will be ₹300,000.
Temporary utilities like water and electricity for site operations are measured by usage, usually in terms of quantity (liters or kilowatt hours) or duration.
| Item Description | Quantity (UOM) | Rate | Amount |
| Temporary water supply | 1000 m³ | ₹50/m³ | ₹50,000 |
| Temporary electricity supply | 5000 kWh | ₹10/kWh | ₹50,000 |
Example:
Temporary water supply is measured in cubic meters (m³), and for 1000 m³ of water at ₹50 per cubic meter, the total cost will be ₹50,000.
Excavation for underground tanks is often measured by volume (m³), and the rate depends on the depth and soil type.
| Item Description | Quantity (m³) | Rate | Amount |
| Excavation for underground tank | 50 m³ | ₹700/m³ | ₹35,000 |
Example:
Excavation for underground tanks is measured in cubic meters (m³), and for 50 m³ at ₹700 per cubic meter, the total cost will be ₹35,000.
Electrical wiring for both internal and external systems is typically measured by the length of wiring installed.
| Item Description | Quantity (m) | Rate | Amount |
| Electrical wiring for lighting | 500 m | ₹30/m | ₹15,000 |
| Electrical wiring for power | 1000 m | ₹50/m | ₹50,000 |
Example:
Electrical wiring is measured by linear meters (m). For 500 meters of lighting wiring at ₹30 per meter, the total cost will be ₹15,000.
Precast elements like beams, columns, and panels are typically measured by weight or volume, depending on the item.
| Item Description | Quantity (Tons) | Rate | Amount |
| Precast concrete beams | 10 T | ₹7000/T | ₹70,000 |
| Precast concrete panels | 5 T | ₹6000/T | ₹30,000 |
Example:
Precast concrete beams are measured by tons (T). For 10 tons of beams at ₹7000 per ton, the total cost will be ₹70,000.
Landscaping works, including tree planting, turfing, and grass seeding, are measured by area or by quantity (trees, plants, etc.).
| Item Description | Quantity (m²) | Rate | Amount |
| Tree planting | 50 trees | ₹1000/tree | ₹50,000 |
| Turfing of garden | 200 m² | ₹50/m² | ₹10,000 |
Example:
Tree planting is measured by the number of trees, and for 50 trees at ₹1000 per tree, the total cost will be ₹50,000.
For drainage and sewerage systems, the measurements are typically based on the length of pipe laid, the type of material used, or excavation for trenches.
| Item Description | Quantity (m) | Rate | Amount |
| Sewer pipe installation | 500 m | ₹600/m | ₹300,000 |
| Excavation for sewer trench | 100 m³ | ₹400/m³ | ₹40,000 |
| Manhole construction | 10 units | ₹15,000/unit | ₹150,000 |
Example:
Sewer pipe installation is measured in linear meters (m), and the excavation for the trench is measured by volume (m³).
Utility installation (like water, gas, or electric cables) often involves measuring the length of cables laid, the volume of trenching, or the area of installation.
| Item Description | Quantity (m) | Rate | Amount |
| Underground water pipe laying | 200 m | ₹700/m | ₹140,000 |
| Cable trench excavation | 50 m³ | ₹500/m³ | ₹25,000 |
| Gas pipeline installation | 300 m | ₹1000/m | ₹300,000 |
Example:
Utility installation is often measured by length for pipelines (m) and volume for excavation (m³), with each work item having its own rate.
Structural elements like slabs, beams, and columns are typically measured in terms of volume (m³) or surface area (m²), depending on the part being measured.
| Item Description | Quantity (m³) | Rate | Amount |
| Concrete slab | 50 m³ | ₹5000/m³ | ₹250,000 |
| Concrete beams | 20 m³ | ₹5500/m³ | ₹110,000 |
| Concrete columns | 10 m³ | ₹6000/m³ | ₹60,000 |
Example:
For concrete slabs, the volume is measured in cubic meters (m³), and the total quantity of 50 m³ would cost ₹250,000 at ₹5000 per cubic meter.
Asphalt works, especially road paving, are typically measured by area (m²), as this determines the amount of asphalt used.
| Item Description | Quantity (m²) | Rate | Amount |
| Road paving with asphalt | 5000 m² | ₹800/m² | ₹4,000,000 |
| Asphalt patching | 200 m² | ₹600/m² | ₹120,000 |
Example:
Asphalt works for road paving are generally measured in square meters (m²). For 5000 m² at ₹800 per square meter, the total cost would be ₹4,000,000.
Geotechnical works are related to the testing of soil and materials for construction purposes. These works are typically measured as lump sums or by specific test unit.
| Item Description | Quantity (Lump Sum) | Rate | Amount |
| Soil testing for foundation | Lump sum | ₹30,000 | ₹30,000 |
| Pile testing (per pile) | 20 piles | ₹5,000/pile | ₹100,000 |
Example:
Soil testing and pile testing are usually charged on a lump sum basis or per unit, like per pile for pile testing.
Precast concrete works like beams, slabs, and walls are often measured by the area or volume of formwork needed, as these structures require temporary forms to shape the concrete.
| Item Description | Quantity (m²) | Rate | Amount |
| Precast concrete slab formwork | 200 m² | ₹300/m² | ₹60,000 |
| Precast concrete wall formwork | 150 m² | ₹350/m² | ₹52,500 |
Example:
Precast formwork is measured in square meters (m²), where the total area of 200 m² at ₹300 per square meter will cost ₹60,000.
Scaffolding and shoring systems are temporary installations required for construction. These are usually measured by area (m²) or volume (m³), depending on the complexity of the structure.
| Item Description | Quantity (m²) | Rate | Amount |
| Scaffold installation | 300 m² | ₹100/m² | ₹30,000 |
| Shoring system for excavation | 200 m² | ₹150/m² | ₹30,000 |
Example:
Scaffolding is usually measured by the surface area covered (m²), and for 300 m² at ₹100 per square meter, the total cost would be ₹30,000.
For construction projects that impact roads, temporary traffic management is needed to divert and manage traffic flow. These are typically measured by the length of roads affected or for specific traffic control measures.
| Item Description | Quantity (Lump Sum) | Rate | Amount |
| Temporary traffic diversion | Lump sum | ₹200,000 | ₹200,000 |
| Road signs and barriers | Lump sum | ₹50,000 | ₹50,000 |
Example:
Traffic management is often billed as a lump sum, with specific rates for items like barriers and signs.
Roofing and cladding are critical components for both functional and aesthetic purposes. These systems are generally measured by area or linear length, depending on the material type.
| Item Description | Quantity (m²) | Rate | Amount |
| Metal roof installation | 1000 m² | ₹400/m² | ₹400,000 |
| Wall cladding | 500 m² | ₹500/m² | ₹250,000 |
Example:
Roof installation is measured in square meters (m²), and for 1000 m² of metal roofing at ₹400 per square meter, the total cost will be ₹400,000.
Concrete repairs and restoration works are essential for maintaining structural integrity, and these are often measured by area or volume depending on the type of repair.
| Item Description | Quantity (m²) | Rate | Amount |
| Concrete surface repair | 200 m² | ₹200/m² | ₹40,000 |
| Concrete crack injection | 50 m² | ₹250/m² | ₹12,500 |
Example:
Concrete surface repair is typically measured by area (m²). For 200 m² of repair at ₹200 per square meter, the total cost will be ₹40,000.
Stormwater drainage works are measured by the length of the system installed, which may include pipes, culverts, and other elements.
| Item Description | Quantity (m) | Rate | Amount |
| Stormwater pipe laying | 300 m | ₹700/m | ₹210,000 |
| Catch basin installation | 5 units | ₹10,000/unit | ₹50,000 |
Example:
Stormwater pipes are measured by length (m), and the total quantity of 300 meters at ₹700 per meter results in a cost of ₹210,000.
Thermal and acoustic insulation works are necessary for controlling the environment inside buildings. They are measured by the area (m²) or length (m), depending on the application.
| Item Description | Quantity (m²) | Rate | Amount |
| Acoustic insulation for walls | 500 m² | ₹150/m² | ₹75,000 |
| Thermal insulation for ceiling | 400 m² | ₹200/m² | ₹80,000 |
Example:
Acoustic insulation is measured in square meters (m²), and for 500 m² at ₹150 per square meter, the total cost will be ₹75,000.
Landscaping works are divided into hardscaping (non-plant elements like pavements, walls, etc.) and softscaping (plant-related works like lawns, trees, and shrubs). Both are measured in square meters (m²) or number of items (trees, plants, etc.).
| Item Description | Quantity (m² or Units) | Rate | Amount |
| Turfing for lawn area | 1000 m² | ₹50/m² | ₹50,000 |
| Tree planting (per tree) | 50 trees | ₹1000/tree | ₹50,000 |
| Paving for walkways | 500 m² | ₹200/m² | ₹100,000 |
Example:
Turfing of 1000 m² of lawn area at ₹50 per square meter costs ₹50,000. Tree planting is measured by the number of trees, costing ₹1000 per tree.
Demolition works, especially for large structures or portions of buildings, are measured by the area or volume of materials to be removed. Some demolition activities are paid based on the number of units or portions of structures dismantled.
| Item Description | Quantity (m² or Units) | Rate | Amount |
| Demolition of concrete wall | 200 m² | ₹500/m² | ₹100,000 |
| Dismantling of roof structure | 100 m² | ₹600/m² | ₹60,000 |
| Removal of debris | 50 m³ | ₹400/m³ | ₹20,000 |
Example:
For the demolition of a concrete wall, 200 m² at ₹500 per square meter results in ₹100,000. Dismantling of a roof structure is measured in square meters, and removal of debris in cubic meters (m³).
Reinforcement works (such as steel bars used for reinforcing concrete) are often measured in terms of weight (kilograms or tons). These measurements are based on the Bar Bending Schedule (BBS), which details the length and weight of the steel.
| Item Description | Quantity (kg or Tons) | Rate | Amount |
| Reinforced concrete slab (BBS) | 1000 kg | ₹80/kg | ₹80,000 |
| Reinforced steel for beams | 500 kg | ₹100/kg | ₹50,000 |
Example:
Reinforcement steel for a concrete slab (1000 kg at ₹80 per kg) will cost ₹80,000. Similarly, reinforcement for beams is measured by weight.
Temporary facilities required during construction, such as site offices or temporary toilets, are measured either as lump sums for specific items or by area (m²).
| Item Description | Quantity (Lump Sum or m²) | Rate | Amount |
| Site office construction | Lump sum | ₹100,000 | ₹100,000 |
| Temporary toilet block | Lump sum | ₹30,000 | ₹30,000 |
| Site fencing | 200 m² | ₹50/m² | ₹10,000 |
Example:
Site office construction and temporary toilets are typically measured as lump sums, while site fencing is measured by area (m²).
Electrical works like wiring, conduit installation, and lighting are often measured by length or the number of items, such as light fixtures or outlets.
| Item Description | Quantity (m or Units) | Rate | Amount |
| Wiring installation for lighting | 500 m | ₹50/m | ₹25,000 |
| Lighting fixtures installation | 30 units | ₹2000/unit | ₹60,000 |
Example:
Wiring installation is typically measured by length (m), and lighting fixtures by units. For 500 meters of wiring at ₹50 per meter, the cost is ₹25,000.
Water and sewerage system installations, including pipes, drains, and manholes, are measured by length (for pipes), area (for drainage), or by unit (for manholes).
| Item Description | Quantity (m or Units) | Rate | Amount |
| Water pipe laying | 200 m | ₹600/m | ₹120,000 |
| Sewerage trench excavation | 100 m³ | ₹350/m³ | ₹35,000 |
| Manhole construction | 10 units | ₹10,000/unit | ₹100,000 |
Example:
Water pipe laying is measured by length (m), sewerage trench excavation by volume (m³), and manhole construction by units.
Insulation works, which include thermal insulation for temperature control and acoustic insulation for soundproofing, are typically measured by area (m²) or the number of units (such as acoustic panels).
| Item Description | Quantity (m² or Units) | Rate | Amount |
| Thermal insulation for walls | 500 m² | ₹120/m² | ₹60,000 |
| Acoustic panels installation | 200 units | ₹500/unit | ₹100,000 |
Example:
Thermal insulation for walls is measured in square meters (m²), and for 500 m² at ₹120 per square meter, the cost will be ₹60,000.
Brick and block work, which includes laying bricks or blocks for walls, is measured by volume (m³) or by area (m²) depending on the thickness of the walls.
| Item Description | Quantity (m³ or m²) | Rate | Amount |
| Brick wall construction (1st floor) | 50 m³ | ₹4000/m³ | ₹200,000 |
| Block wall cladding | 100 m² | ₹250/m² | ₹25,000 |
Example:
Brick wall construction is measured by volume (m³), while block wall cladding is measured by area (m²).
Concrete pavement works for roads, walkways, or driveways are measured by area (m²) for surface coverage.
| Item Description | Quantity (m²) | Rate | Amount |
| Concrete pavement installation | 500 m² | ₹800/m² | ₹400,000 |
Example:
Concrete pavement is measured in square meters (m²). For 500 m² of pavement at ₹800 per square meter, the total cost will be ₹400,000.
Excavation works for roads, such as trenching for utilities or earth moving, are measured by volume (m³) or by the area of the road worked on.
| Item Description | Quantity (m³ or m²) | Rate | Amount |
| Excavation for road foundation | 200 m³ | ₹400/m³ | ₹80,000 |
| Subgrade compaction for road | 1000 m² | ₹150/m² | ₹150,000 |
Example:
Road excavation is measured in cubic meters (m³), and subgrade compaction is measured in square meters (m²).
For roads, traffic signage and road markings are measured based on units or area, depending on the type of sign or marking.
| Item Description | Quantity (Units or m²) | Rate | Amount |
| Road line marking | 1000 m | ₹50/m | ₹50,000 |
| Road sign installation (per unit) | 30 units | ₹5000/unit | ₹150,000 |
Example:
Road line markings are measured by linear meters (m), while road signs are measured by units.
Concrete casting and curing are integral to construction, especially in structural works like foundations, slabs, and beams. The work is measured based on volume (m³) for casting, and sometimes by area (m²) for curing treatments.
| Item Description | Quantity (m³ or m²) | Rate | Amount |
| Concrete slab casting | 100 m³ | ₹5000/m³ | ₹500,000 |
| Concrete curing (for slab) | 1000 m² | ₹10/m² | ₹10,000 |
Example:
Concrete slab casting is measured by volume (m³), and the total quantity of 100 m³ at ₹5000 per cubic meter results in ₹500,000. Curing is usually measured by area (m²).
Masonry work, whether using stone or bricks, is typically measured in volume (m³) or area (m²), depending on the scope of work and the wall thickness.
| Item Description | Quantity (m³ or m²) | Rate | Amount |
| Stone wall construction | 50 m³ | ₹4500/m³ | ₹225,000 |
| Brickwork for partition walls | 200 m² | ₹300/m² | ₹60,000 |
Example:
Stone wall construction is measured by volume (m³), while brickwork for partition walls is measured by area (m²). For stonework, 50 m³ at ₹4500 per cubic meter results in ₹225,000.
Painting and coating works are generally measured in square meters (m²) based on the area to be covered. This could include interior and exterior surfaces, or specific items such as doors or windows.
| Item Description | Quantity (m²) | Rate | Amount |
| Interior wall painting | 500 m² | ₹150/m² | ₹75,000 |
| External surface coating | 1000 m² | ₹200/m² | ₹200,000 |
Example:
For interior wall painting (500 m² at ₹150 per square meter), the total cost would be ₹75,000. External surface coating is measured similarly.
For road construction, the work typically includes excavation, base preparation, asphalt or concrete surfacing, and finishing. These tasks are measured in terms of area (m²) for surfacing and length (m) for the overall road.
| Item Description | Quantity (m or m²) | Rate | Amount |
| Asphalt road surfacing | 5000 m² | ₹800/m² | ₹4,000,000 |
| Sub-base preparation for road | 1000 m³ | ₹500/m³ | ₹500,000 |
Example:
Asphalt surfacing for a 5000 m² area at ₹800 per square meter results in ₹4,000,000. Sub-base preparation is measured in cubic meters (m³).
Excavation for foundations typically includes trenching or pit excavation and is measured in cubic meters (m³). This also includes the volume of soil removed, compacted, or replaced during the work.
| Item Description | Quantity (m³) | Rate | Amount |
| Excavation for foundation pits | 100 m³ | ₹500/m³ | ₹50,000 |
| Excavation for trenching | 200 m³ | ₹450/m³ | ₹90,000 |
Example:
Foundation excavation is measured in cubic meters (m³). For a total of 100 m³ at ₹500 per cubic meter, the cost will be ₹50,000.
Shuttering and formwork are temporary structures used to support concrete until it hardens. These works are generally measured in square meters (m²) for area-based activities or linear meters (m) for beams, columns, etc.
| Item Description | Quantity (m² or m) | Rate | Amount |
| Formwork for concrete slab | 200 m² | ₹150/m² | ₹30,000 |
| Formwork for beams | 100 m | ₹200/m | ₹20,000 |
Example:
Formwork for slabs is usually measured by area (m²), while beams are measured by linear length (m). For 200 m² of formwork at ₹150 per square meter, the total cost will be ₹30,000.
Asphalt paving for roads, driveways, or parking lots is typically measured by area (m²) based on the thickness and surface coverage.
| Item Description | Quantity (m²) | Rate | Amount |
| Asphalt paving for roads | 3000 m² | ₹900/m² | ₹2,700,000 |
| Asphalt driveway paving | 500 m² | ₹1000/m² | ₹500,000 |
Example:
Asphalt paving is usually measured in square meters (m²). For a 3000 m² road paving at ₹900 per square meter, the total cost will be ₹2,700,000.
Site grading and compaction are crucial for preparing a solid base for roads, buildings, and other structures. These are typically measured by volume (m³) or area (m²).
| Item Description | Quantity (m³ or m²) | Rate | Amount |
| Site grading and leveling | 1000 m² | ₹20/m² | ₹20,000 |
| Soil compaction for foundation | 500 m³ | ₹300/m³ | ₹150,000 |
Example:
Site grading is measured in square meters (m²), while soil compaction is measured in cubic meters (m³). For grading of 1000 m² at ₹20 per square meter, the total cost will be ₹20,000.
Prefabricated components such as walls, roofs, and panels are often measured by area (m²) or volume (m³), depending on the nature of the component.
| Item Description | Quantity (m² or m³) | Rate | Amount |
| Prefabricated wall panels | 200 m² | ₹300/m² | ₹60,000 |
| Prefabricated roof panels | 150 m² | ₹500/m² | ₹75,000 |
Example:
Prefabricated wall panels are typically measured by area (m²). For 200 m² of panels at ₹300 per square meter, the total cost will be ₹60,000.
Earthworks, including excavation, filling, and grading, are critical to most construction projects. These are typically measured by volume (m³).
| Item Description | Quantity (m³) | Rate | Amount |
| Excavation for site preparation | 500 m³ | ₹450/m³ | ₹225,000 |
| Filling for embankment | 600 m³ | ₹500/m³ | ₹300,000 |
Example:
Excavation is measured by volume (m³). For a total excavation of 500 m³ at ₹450 per cubic meter, the total cost will be ₹225,000.
Concrete repairs, such as resurfacing or crack filling, are often measured by area (m²) or volume (m³) depending on the type of repair.
| Item Description | Quantity (m² or m³) | Rate | Amount |
| Concrete resurfacing | 200 m² | ₹150/m² | ₹30,000 |
| Concrete crack filling | 50 m³ | ₹1000/m³ | ₹50,000 |
Example:
Concrete resurfacing is measured by area (m²), while crack filling is measured by volume (m³). For resurfacing of 200 m² at ₹150 per square meter, the total cost will be ₹30,000.
Stormwater and drainage works often involve the installation of pipes, catch basins, and culverts. Measurement is typically by length (m), volume (m³), or by the number of manholes and other features.
| Item Description | Quantity (m or Units) | Rate | Amount |
| Stormwater pipe installation | 500 m | ₹700/m | ₹350,000 |
| Catch basin installation | 10 units | ₹12,000/unit | ₹120,000 |
| Excavation for drainage system | 200 m³ | ₹350/m³ | ₹70,000 |
Example:
Stormwater pipe installation is measured by length (m). Catch basins are measured by units, and drainage system excavation is based on volume (m³).
Structural steel works, including beams, columns, and trusses, are typically measured by weight (kg or tons). The steel weight is based on the quantity of material used in the structure.
| Item Description | Quantity (kg or Tons) | Rate | Amount |
| Structural steel for beams | 5000 kg | ₹80/kg | ₹400,000 |
| Steel columns | 3000 kg | ₹100/kg | ₹300,000 |
Example:
Steel reinforcement for beams and columns is measured by weight (kg or tons). For 5000 kg of steel for beams at ₹80 per kg, the total cost will be ₹400,000.
For road construction and maintenance projects, road marking and signage are typically measured by the length (m) of markings or the number of signs installed.
| Item Description | Quantity (m or Units) | Rate | Amount |
| Road line marking | 1000 m | ₹50/m | ₹50,000 |
| Road sign installation | 20 units | ₹2000/unit | ₹40,000 |
Example:
Road markings are measured by the length (m), and road signage is typically measured by the number of signs installed (units).
For HVAC (Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning), plumbing, and other mechanical systems, measurements are usually based on the length of ducts or pipes, the number of units (fixtures), or the area of installation.
| Item Description | Quantity (m or Units) | Rate | Amount |
| HVAC duct installation | 200 m | ₹1200/m | ₹240,000 |
| Plumbing pipe installation | 100 m | ₹500/m | ₹50,000 |
| Firefighting system installation | 50 units | ₹5000/unit | ₹250,000 |
Example:
HVAC ducts are measured by length (m), plumbing pipes by length (m), and firefighting system components by units installed.
Excavation and backfilling are crucial in foundation works. The excavation is typically measured by volume (m³), while backfilling can be measured similarly or by weight in some cases.
| Item Description | Quantity (m³) | Rate | Amount |
| Excavation for foundation pits | 150 m³ | ₹400/m³ | ₹60,000 |
| Backfilling for foundation | 100 m³ | ₹350/m³ | ₹35,000 |
Example:
Excavation for foundations is measured by volume (m³), and backfilling is also measured by volume (m³). The total cost of excavation will be ₹60,000 for 150 m³ at ₹400 per m³.
Brick and blockwork are essential components in masonry. They are typically measured by volume (m³) or area (m²), depending on whether it's a wall, column, or cladding.
| Item Description | Quantity (m³ or m²) | Rate | Amount |
| Brickwork for walls | 100 m³ | ₹4500/m³ | ₹450,000 |
| Concrete block cladding | 200 m² | ₹250/m² | ₹50,000 |
Example:
Brickwork for walls is typically measured in cubic meters (m³), while block cladding is measured in square meters (m²). For 100 m³ of brickwork at ₹4500 per m³, the total cost will be ₹450,000.
Site clearance and demolition work are required for preparing the site or removing old structures. These works are generally measured by volume (m³) or area (m²).
| Item Description | Quantity (m² or m³) | Rate | Amount |
| Site clearing and debris removal | 1000 m² | ₹20/m² | ₹20,000 |
| Demolition of existing structure | 500 m³ | ₹500/m³ | ₹250,000 |
Example:
Site clearing is typically measured by area (m²), while demolition is measured by volume (m³). The total cost for clearing a 1000 m² site at ₹20 per m² will be ₹20,000.
Structural concrete work for various elements like slabs, beams, foundations, and columns is measured by volume (m³).
| Item Description | Quantity (m³) | Rate | Amount |
| Concrete slab construction | 200 m³ | ₹5000/m³ | ₹1,000,000 |
| Concrete column construction | 50 m³ | ₹6000/m³ | ₹300,000 |
Example:
For a concrete slab (200 m³ at ₹5000 per cubic meter), the total cost is ₹1,000,000. Concrete columns (50 m³ at ₹6000 per cubic meter) cost ₹300,000.
Formwork and shuttering are temporary structures to support concrete during setting. These works are usually measured by area (m²) for walls, slabs, and beams.
| Item Description | Quantity (m² or m) | Rate | Amount |
| Formwork for concrete slab | 200 m² | ₹150/m² | ₹30,000 |
| Formwork for beams and columns | 100 m² | ₹200/m² | ₹20,000 |
Example:
Formwork is measured in square meters (m²). For 200 m² of slab formwork at ₹150 per square meter, the total cost will be ₹30,000.
Waterproofing is a critical activity in both foundation and roofing works. It is typically measured by area (m²) of the surface to be treated.
| Item Description | Quantity (m²) | Rate | Amount |
| Waterproofing for foundations | 100 m² | ₹200/m² | ₹20,000 |
| Waterproofing for roof terrace | 200 m² | ₹250/m² | ₹50,000 |
Example:
Waterproofing for foundations is typically measured by area (m²). For 100 m² at ₹200 per square meter, the total cost is ₹20,000.
Substructure works, such as the excavation, construction, and finishing of basements, are measured by volume (m³) or area (m²), depending on the work type.
| Item Description | Quantity (m³ or m²) | Rate | Amount |
| Excavation for basement | 100 m³ | ₹450/m³ | ₹45,000 |
| Basement slab concrete | 200 m² | ₹500/m² | ₹100,000 |
Example:
Basement excavation is measured by volume (m³), while the basement slab is measured by area (m²). For 200 m² of basement slab at ₹500 per square meter, the total cost will be ₹100,000.
Excavation and backfilling for roads and highways are usually measured by volume (m³) or linear meters (m), depending on the type of work.
| Item Description | Quantity (m³ or m) | Rate | Amount |
| Excavation for roadbed | 200 m³ | ₹500/m³ | ₹100,000 |
| Backfilling for roadbed | 150 m³ | ₹400/m³ | ₹60,000 |
Example:
Roadbed excavation is measured by volume (m³), while backfilling is also measured in cubic meters (m³). For 200 m³ of excavation at ₹500 per m³, the total cost will be ₹100,000.
Cement concrete works, such as foundation footings, slabs, and pavements, are typically measured by volume (m³).
| Item Description | Quantity (m³) | Rate | Amount |
| Concrete footing for foundation | 50 m³ | ₹5500/m³ | ₹275,000 |
| Concrete pavement for road | 100 m³ | ₹6000/m³ | ₹600,000 |
Example:
Cement concrete works are measured in cubic meters (m³). For concrete footing, 50 m³ at ₹5500 per cubic meter results in ₹275,000. Similarly, concrete pavement (100 m³ at ₹6000 per cubic meter) will total ₹600,000.
Temporary site lighting and power supply are essential for construction activities, especially for night work. These works are measured by duration or by units, depending on the setup.
| Item Description | Quantity (Units or Hours) | Rate | Amount |
| Temporary lighting setup | 10 units | ₹5000/unit | ₹50,000 |
| Power supply for site activities | 200 hours | ₹100/hr | ₹20,000 |
Example:
Temporary lighting is measured by units, and power supply is measured by hours. For 10 lighting units at ₹5000 per unit, the total cost will be ₹50,000. For 200 hours of power supply at ₹100 per hour, the total cost will be ₹20,000.
Utility ductwork and piping for services such as electrical, HVAC, and plumbing are measured based on length (m) or the number of installations (units).
| Item Description | Quantity (m or Units) | Rate | Amount |
| HVAC ductwork installation | 100 m | ₹1500/m | ₹150,000 |
| Electrical conduit installation | 200 m | ₹500/m | ₹100,000 |
Example:
HVAC ductwork is measured by length (m), and for 100 meters of ducting at ₹1500 per meter, the cost will be ₹150,000. Electrical conduit is measured in the same way, with a total cost of ₹100,000 for 200 meters at ₹500 per meter.
Stone masonry works, including walls, cladding, and paving, are typically measured by volume (m³) or area (m²), depending on the application.
| Item Description | Quantity (m³ or m²) | Rate | Amount |
| Stone masonry for wall | 50 m³ | ₹4500/m³ | ₹225,000 |
| Stone cladding for facade | 200 m² | ₹400/m² | ₹80,000 |
Example:
Stone masonry is usually measured by volume (m³), and cladding is measured by area (m²). For stone masonry (50 m³ at ₹4500 per m³), the cost will be ₹225,000. Stone cladding for 200 m² at ₹400 per square meter will cost ₹80,000.
For road construction, the sub-base and base course layers are critical for structural support. These are usually measured by volume (m³) or area (m²), depending on the project.
| Item Description | Quantity (m³ or m²) | Rate | Amount |
| Sub-base layer construction | 500 m³ | ₹400/m³ | ₹200,000 |
| Base course layer construction | 600 m³ | ₹500/m³ | ₹300,000 |
Example:
The sub-base layer is typically measured by volume (m³), and base course layers are similarly measured in cubic meters (m³). For 500 m³ of sub-base at ₹400 per m³, the cost will be ₹200,000.
Foundation works for pile caps, footings, and other elements are measured based on volume (m³) or the number of units.
| Item Description | Quantity (m³ or Units) | Rate | Amount |
| Pile cap construction | 50 m³ | ₹6000/m³ | ₹300,000 |
| Footing for foundation | 100 m³ | ₹5500/m³ | ₹550,000 |
Example:
Pile caps are measured by volume (m³), and for 50 m³ at ₹6000 per cubic meter, the total cost is ₹300,000. Footings are similarly measured by volume (m³).
Building envelope works, which include the construction of exterior walls, windows, and doors, are measured by area (m²) or number of units for items like windows and doors.
| Item Description | Quantity (m² or Units) | Rate | Amount |
| External wall construction | 500 m² | ₹400/m² | ₹200,000 |
| Window installation | 10 units | ₹5000/unit | ₹50,000 |
| Door installation | 10 units | ₹3000/unit | ₹30,000 |
Example:
External wall construction is measured by area (m²), while windows and doors are measured by units. For 500 m² of wall construction at ₹400 per square meter, the cost will be ₹200,000.
Surface finishing works, including plastering and rendering, are typically measured by area (m²) or volume (m³), depending on the finish type.
| Item Description | Quantity (m² or m³) | Rate | Amount |
| Plastering for walls | 1000 m² | ₹40/m² | ₹40,000 |
| Rendering for exterior walls | 500 m² | ₹60/m² | ₹30,000 |
Example:
Plastering is measured by area (m²), and for 1000 m² of plastering at ₹40 per square meter, the total cost will be ₹40,000.
Flooring works, such as tile installation, are usually measured by area (m²), based on the surface area to be covered.
| Item Description | Quantity (m²) | Rate | Amount |
| Ceramic tile flooring | 500 m² | ₹600/m² | ₹300,000 |
| Marble flooring | 200 m² | ₹1000/m² | ₹200,000 |
Example:
Flooring works like tile and marble installation are measured by area (m²). For 500 m² of ceramic tile flooring at ₹600 per square meter, the total cost will be ₹300,000.
Landscaping works often require excavation and grading, typically measured by area (m²) or volume (m³), depending on the task.
| Item Description | Quantity (m² or m³) | Rate | Amount |
| Landscaping earthworks (excavation) | 200 m³ | ₹400/m³ | ₹80,000 |
| Grading for garden area | 1000 m² | ₹20/m² | ₹20,000 |
Example:
Landscaping earthworks such as excavation are measured in cubic meters (m³), while grading is measured by area (m²). For 200 m³ of excavation at ₹400 per cubic meter, the cost will be ₹80,000.
Asphalt milling and resurfacing are common tasks in road maintenance and rehabilitation. Milling involves removing a portion of the existing pavement, while resurfacing involves applying a new layer of asphalt. These works are typically measured by area (m²) for the resurfaced pavement and volume (m³) for milling.
| Item Description | Quantity (m² or m³) | Rate | Amount |
| Asphalt milling (removal) | 2000 m² | ₹50/m² | ₹100,000 |
| Asphalt resurfacing | 2000 m² | ₹800/m² | ₹1,600,000 |
Example:
Asphalt milling is measured by area (m²), and resurfacing is similarly measured in square meters (m²). For 2000 m² of milling at ₹50 per m², the cost is ₹100,000. Resurfacing 2000 m² at ₹800 per m² totals ₹1,600,000.
Tunnel excavation and lining works are critical for underground infrastructure. These are measured by volume (m³) for excavation and area (m²) for lining.
| Item Description | Quantity (m³ or m²) | Rate | Amount |
| Tunnel excavation | 5000 m³ | ₹1200/m³ | ₹6,000,000 |
| Tunnel lining | 2000 m² | ₹2000/m² | ₹4,000,000 |
Example:
Tunnel excavation is measured in cubic meters (m³), and for 5000 m³ at ₹1200 per m³, the cost will be ₹6,000,000. Tunnel lining is measured by area (m²), and for 2000 m² at ₹2000 per m², the cost will be ₹4,000,000.
Bridge construction includes various components like decks, beams, and piers, which are typically measured by volume (m³) or length (m) depending on the element.
| Item Description | Quantity (m³ or m) | Rate | Amount |
| Concrete deck for bridge | 1000 m³ | ₹6000/m³ | ₹6,000,000 |
| Bridge beams | 200 m | ₹2000/m | ₹400,000 |
| Bridge piers | 50 m³ | ₹7000/m³ | ₹350,000 |
Example:
Concrete deck is measured by volume (m³), while beams and piers are typically measured by length (m) for beams and volume (m³) for piers. For 1000 m³ of deck at ₹6000 per m³, the total cost is ₹6,000,000.
Drainage systems, including manholes, pipes, and culverts, are measured by the length (m) for pipes, units for manholes, and volume (m³) for excavation.
| Item Description | Quantity (m, Units, or m³) | Rate | Amount |
| Pipe laying for drainage | 500 m | ₹800/m | ₹400,000 |
| Manhole construction | 10 units | ₹15,000/unit | ₹150,000 |
| Culvert excavation | 50 m³ | ₹700/m³ | ₹35,000 |
Example:
Pipe laying is measured in meters (m), with 500 m at ₹800 per meter totaling ₹400,000. Manholes are measured by units, and culvert excavation is measured by volume (m³).
Water supply systems typically involve piping and pump station installation. Piping is measured by length (m), while pump stations are often measured by the number of units.
| Item Description | Quantity (m or Units) | Rate | Amount |
| Water supply pipe installation | 300 m | ₹600/m | ₹180,000 |
| Pump station installation | 2 units | ₹200,000/unit | ₹400,000 |
Example:
Water supply pipes are measured by length (m), and pump stations by units. For 300 meters of piping at ₹600 per meter, the total cost is ₹180,000.
Site preparation and earthworks, such as clearing vegetation, leveling, and grading, are typically measured by area (m²) or volume (m³).
| Item Description | Quantity (m² or m³) | Rate | Amount |
| Site clearing and leveling | 1000 m² | ₹25/m² | ₹25,000 |
| Earth excavation for grading | 500 m³ | ₹400/m³ | ₹200,000 |
Example:
Site clearing is measured in square meters (m²), and excavation for grading is measured in cubic meters (m³). For 1000 m² of clearing at ₹25 per square meter, the cost is ₹25,000.
Steel reinforcement for concrete work is measured by weight (kg or tons), typically based on the Bar Bending Schedule (BBS), which provides detailed measurements for reinforcement bars used in slabs, beams, and columns.
| Item Description | Quantity (kg or Tons) | Rate | Amount |
| Reinforcement for slab | 2000 kg | ₹80/kg | ₹160,000 |
| Reinforcement for beams | 1000 kg | ₹90/kg | ₹90,000 |
Example:
Reinforcement is measured by weight. For 2000 kg of reinforcement at ₹80 per kg, the cost is ₹160,000.
Finishing works, such as plastering, painting, and rendering, are typically measured by area (m²), depending on the type of work and the surface to be covered.
| Item Description | Quantity (m²) | Rate | Amount |
| Plastering for internal walls | 500 m² | ₹50/m² | ₹25,000 |
| Painting for exterior walls | 600 m² | ₹100/m² | ₹60,000 |
Example:
Plastering is measured by area (m²), and for 500 m² at ₹50 per square meter, the total cost will be ₹25,000. Painting is similarly measured by area, with 600 m² costing ₹60,000.
Site drainage, including sewerage and stormwater systems, is measured by the length of piping laid, volume of excavation, and units of manholes and chambers.
| Item Description | Quantity (m, m³, or Units) | Rate | Amount |
| Stormwater pipe laying | 400 m | ₹700/m | ₹280,000 |
| Sewerage trench excavation | 150 m³ | ₹350/m³ | ₹52,500 |
| Manhole construction | 8 units | ₹12,000/unit | ₹96,000 |
Example:
Stormwater pipe laying is measured in meters (m), with 400 meters at ₹700 per meter costing ₹280,000. Sewerage trench excavation is based on volume (m³).
Substructure works, like foundation excavation and concrete pouring, are measured by volume (m³), while superstructure works, like framing and roofing, are often measured by area (m²) or units.
| Item Description | Quantity (m² or m³) | Rate | Amount |
| Excavation for foundation | 300 m³ | ₹450/m³ | ₹135,000 |
| Concrete column construction | 50 m³ | ₹6000/m³ | ₹300,000 |
Example:
Substructure excavation is measured by volume (m³), and for 300 m³ at ₹450 per cubic meter, the total cost is ₹135,000.
For tunnels, both ventilation and lighting systems are critical for safety and functionality. These are measured based on the length of ductwork or the number of units installed.
| Item Description | Quantity (m or Units) | Rate | Amount |
| Tunnel ventilation ducting | 500 m | ₹1000/m | ₹500,000 |
| Tunnel lighting installation | 100 units | ₹5000/unit | ₹500,000 |
Example:
Ventilation ducting is measured by length (m). For 500 meters of ducting at ₹1000 per meter, the total cost will be ₹500,000. Tunnel lighting is measured by units, with 100 lights at ₹5000 each totaling ₹500,000.
Precast concrete elements are measured based on their volume (m³) or area (m²) depending on the component type. These elements are fabricated off-site and then transported to the construction site.
| Item Description | Quantity (m³ or m²) | Rate | Amount |
| Precast concrete panels | 200 m² | ₹350/m² | ₹70,000 |
| Precast concrete beams | 100 m³ | ₹5000/m³ | ₹500,000 |
Example:
Precast concrete panels are typically measured by area (m²), with 200 m² of panels at ₹350 per square meter totaling ₹70,000. Beams are measured by volume (m³), with 100 m³ at ₹5000 per cubic meter totaling ₹500,000.
For road construction, different layers like the base, sub-base, and asphalt surfacing are measured by volume (m³) or area (m²), depending on the layer.
| Item Description | Quantity (m³ or m²) | Rate | Amount |
| Sub-base layer | 300 m³ | ₹400/m³ | ₹120,000 |
| Base layer | 500 m³ | ₹450/m³ | ₹225,000 |
| Asphalt surfacing | 2000 m² | ₹800/m² | ₹1,600,000 |
Example:
Sub-base and base layers are measured by volume (m³), while asphalt surfacing is measured by area (m²). The total cost for asphalt surfacing for 2000 m² at ₹800 per square meter is ₹1,600,000.
Steel structural work, including the fabrication and erection of columns, beams, and bracing, is typically measured by weight (kg or tons).
| Item Description | Quantity (kg or Tons) | Rate | Amount |
| Steel columns | 2000 kg | ₹80/kg | ₹160,000 |
| Steel beams | 3000 kg | ₹85/kg | ₹255,000 |
| Steel bracing | 1500 kg | ₹90/kg | ₹135,000 |
Example:
Steel columns are measured by weight (kg), with 2000 kg at ₹80 per kg totaling ₹160,000. Similarly, beams and bracing are measured by weight, leading to the respective costs.
MEP systems (Mechanical, Electrical, Plumbing) are critical for a building’s functionality and safety. These are typically measured by length for piping and ducting, or by the number of units installed for fixtures.
| Item Description | Quantity (m or Units) | Rate | Amount |
| HVAC duct installation | 300 m | ₹1000/m | ₹300,000 |
| Plumbing pipe installation | 500 m | ₹500/m | ₹250,000 |
| Electrical panel installation | 10 units | ₹20,000/unit | ₹200,000 |
Example:
HVAC ducts are measured by length (m), with 300 m of ductwork at ₹1000 per meter totaling ₹300,000. Plumbing pipes are also measured by length, and electrical panels by units.
Asphalt pavement for roads, parking lots, or other surfaces is typically measured by area (m²) to account for the surface coverage.
| Item Description | Quantity (m²) | Rate | Amount |
| Asphalt paving for roads | 1000 m² | ₹900/m² | ₹900,000 |
| Asphalt parking lot paving | 500 m² | ₹1000/m² | ₹500,000 |
Example:
Asphalt paving is measured by area (m²), and for 1000 m² at ₹900 per square meter, the total cost will be ₹900,000.
Steel reinforcement, including the tying and placing of steel bars for concrete elements like slabs, beams, and foundations, is measured by weight (kg or tons).
| Item Description | Quantity (kg or Tons) | Rate | Amount |
| Reinforcement for slab | 3000 kg | ₹80/kg | ₹240,000 |
| Reinforcement for beam | 2000 kg | ₹90/kg | ₹180,000 |
Example:
Steel reinforcement is measured by weight (kg), and for 3000 kg of steel for a slab at ₹80 per kg, the total cost will be ₹240,000.
Roofing works, such as the installation of metal sheets, tiles, or concrete roofs, are measured by area (m²) or sometimes by weight, depending on the roofing material used.
| Item Description | Quantity (m²) | Rate | Amount |
| Metal roof installation | 500 m² | ₹600/m² | ₹300,000 |
| Tile roof installation | 300 m² | ₹700/m² | ₹210,000 |
Example:
Metal roofing is measured by area (m²), and for 500 m² at ₹600 per square meter, the total cost will be ₹300,000.
For road construction, concrete work is a key component. These are measured by volume (m³) for sub-base and base layers and by area (m²) for the asphalt surface.
| Item Description | Quantity (m³ or m²) | Rate | Amount |
| Concrete sub-base layer | 200 m³ | ₹400/m³ | ₹80,000 |
| Concrete base layer | 300 m³ | ₹450/m³ | ₹135,000 |
| Asphalt surfacing for road | 2000 m² | ₹800/m² | ₹1,600,000 |
Example:
Concrete sub-base and base layers are measured in cubic meters (m³), while the asphalt layer is measured by area (m²). The total cost for the asphalt layer for 2000 m² at ₹800 per square meter is ₹1,600,000.
Interior finishing works, including drywall, ceilings, and flooring, are measured by area (m²) or sometimes by unit for certain components.
| Item Description | Quantity (m² or Units) | Rate | Amount |
| Drywall installation | 500 m² | ₹200/m² | ₹100,000 |
| Ceiling installation | 300 m² | ₹250/m² | ₹75,000 |
| Flooring installation | 200 m² | ₹300/m² | ₹60,000 |
Example:
Drywall and ceiling installation are measured by area (m²), while flooring is similarly measured by area. For drywall installation of 500 m² at ₹200 per square meter, the total cost will be ₹100,000.
Formwork for concrete elements like beams, columns, and slabs is typically measured by area (m²), reflecting the surface area to be formed.
| Item Description | Quantity (m²) | Rate | Amount |
| Formwork for concrete beams | 200 m² | ₹150/m² | ₹30,000 |
| Formwork for concrete columns | 100 m² | ₹200/m² | ₹20,000 |
Example:
Formwork is measured by area (m²). For beam formwork (200 m² at ₹150 per square meter), the total cost will be ₹30,000.
Landscaping requires various earthworks such as excavation, backfilling, and grading. These are typically measured by volume (m³) or area (m²), depending on the scope of work.
| Item Description | Quantity (m³ or m²) | Rate | Amount |
| Excavation for landscaping | 100 m³ | ₹500/m³ | ₹50,000 |
| Backfilling for landscaping | 50 m³ | ₹400/m³ | ₹20,000 |
| Grading for lawn area | 500 m² | ₹30/m² | ₹15,000 |
Example:
Excavation for landscaping is measured by volume (m³), with 100 m³ of earthwork at ₹500 per cubic meter totaling ₹50,000. Grading is measured by area (m²), with 500 m² of lawn area graded at ₹30 per square meter totaling ₹15,000.
Road maintenance works like pothole repairs and crack filling are typically measured by area (m²) or linear meter (lm), depending on the type of repair.
| Item Description | Quantity (m² or lm) | Rate | Amount |
| Pothole repair | 100 m² | ₹100/m² | ₹10,000 |
| Crack filling | 200 lm | ₹50/lm | ₹10,000 |
Example:
Pothole repair is measured by area (m²), and for 100 m² at ₹100 per square meter, the total cost will be ₹10,000. Crack filling is measured by linear meter (lm), with 200 lm at ₹50 per meter costing ₹10,000.
Precast concrete stairs are a common feature in multi-story buildings and are typically measured by the number of staircases or by the area of stair treads and risers.
| Item Description | Quantity (Units or m²) | Rate | Amount |
| Precast concrete stairs | 5 units | ₹50,000/unit | ₹250,000 |
| Staircase treads (precast) | 20 m² | ₹800/m² | ₹16,000 |
Example:
Precast concrete stairs are typically measured by units, and for 5 staircases at ₹50,000 per unit, the total cost will be ₹250,000. For precast stair treads, the measurement is by area (m²).
Structural columns and foundation elements such as footings and pile caps are generally measured by volume (m³), and sometimes by the number of units for items like piers.
| Item Description | Quantity (m³ or Units) | Rate | Amount |
| Concrete for foundation footings | 150 m³ | ₹5000/m³ | ₹750,000 |
| Concrete columns | 100 m³ | ₹6000/m³ | ₹600,000 |
| Pile cap construction | 30 units | ₹20,000/unit | ₹600,000 |
Example:
Foundation footings and columns are measured by volume (m³), while pile caps are measured by units. For 150 m³ of concrete for footings at ₹5000 per cubic meter, the total cost will be ₹750,000.
Floor slab reinforcement, based on the Bar Bending Schedule (BBS), is usually measured by weight (kg or tons), reflecting the quantity of steel reinforcement used in concrete slabs.
| Item Description | Quantity (kg or Tons) | Rate | Amount |
| Reinforcement for floor slab | 2000 kg | ₹80/kg | ₹160,000 |
| Reinforcement for beams | 1000 kg | ₹90/kg | ₹90,000 |
Example:
Reinforcement for floor slabs is measured by weight (kg). For 2000 kg of reinforcement at ₹80 per kg, the total cost will be ₹160,000.
Asphalt crack sealing is a maintenance procedure for roads, parking lots, or driveways. This work is typically measured by linear meter (lm) based on the length of cracks sealed.
| Item Description | Quantity (lm) | Rate | Amount |
| Asphalt crack sealing | 500 lm | ₹50/lm | ₹25,000 |
Example:
Asphalt crack sealing is measured by linear meters (lm). For 500 meters of crack sealing at ₹50 per meter, the total cost will be ₹25,000.
Acoustic treatments such as soundproofing walls, ceilings, and floors are measured by area (m²), depending on the surface treated.
| Item Description | Quantity (m²) | Rate | Amount |
| Soundproofing for walls | 300 m² | ₹500/m² | ₹150,000 |
| Acoustic ceiling installation | 400 m² | ₹700/m² | ₹280,000 |
Example:
Soundproofing is typically measured by area (m²). For 300 m² of soundproofing at ₹500 per square meter, the total cost will be ₹150,000.
Drainage systems such as French drains or culverts are measured by length (m) for pipes and trenches or by units for manholes and chambers.
| Item Description | Quantity (m or Units) | Rate | Amount |
| French drain installation | 100 m | ₹500/m | ₹50,000 |
| Culvert installation | 50 m | ₹1000/m | ₹50,000 |
| Manhole construction | 10 units | ₹15,000/unit | ₹150,000 |
Example:
French drains are measured by length (m), and for 100 meters at ₹500 per meter, the cost will be ₹50,000. Culverts and manholes are measured by units and linear meters (m).
Interior and exterior painting works are typically measured by area (m²), depending on the surface to be painted (walls, ceilings, doors, etc.).
| Item Description | Quantity (m² or Units) | Rate | Amount |
| Interior wall painting | 500 m² | ₹100/m² | ₹50,000 |
| Exterior wall painting | 600 m² | ₹150/m² | ₹90,000 |
| Door painting | 20 units | ₹1000/unit | ₹20,000 |
Example:
Interior wall painting is measured by area (m²), and for 500 m² at ₹100 per square meter, the total cost will be ₹50,000. Doors are measured by units, and for 20 doors at ₹1000 each, the total cost will be ₹20,000.
Electrical wiring for lighting, power supply, and other systems is measured by length (m) for cables and wires, or by units for fixtures.
| Item Description | Quantity (m or Units) | Rate | Amount |
| Electrical wiring for lighting | 1000 m | ₹20/m | ₹20,000 |
| Electrical outlets installation | 50 units | ₹1000/unit | ₹50,000 |
Example:
Electrical wiring is measured by length (m), and for 1000 meters at ₹20 per meter, the total cost will be ₹20,000. Electrical outlets are measured by units, and for 50 units at ₹1000 each, the total cost will be ₹50,000.
External works for public spaces, parking lots, or gardens typically involve paving, landscaping, and installation of features like benches or lighting, all measured by area (m²) or number of items.
| Item Description | Quantity (m² or Units) | Rate | Amount |
| Landscaping (planting, turfing) | 500 m² | ₹100/m² | ₹50,000 |
| Paving stone installation | 300 m² | ₹500/m² | ₹150,000 |
| Benches installation | 10 units | ₹3000/unit | ₹30,000 |
Example:
Landscaping is measured by area (m²), and for 500 m² at ₹100 per square meter, the cost is ₹50,000. Paving stones are similarly measured by area (m²), and for 300 m² at ₹500 per square meter, the cost is ₹150,000.
Temporary site access roads, often required for construction activities, are measured by length (m) or area (m²) depending on the design.
| Item Description | Quantity (m or m²) | Rate | Amount |
| Temporary access road installation | 500 m | ₹200/m | ₹100,000 |
| Gravel filling for access road | 300 m² | ₹150/m² | ₹45,000 |
Example:
Temporary access roads are measured by length (m), and for 500 meters at ₹200 per meter, the total cost will be ₹100,000. Gravel filling is measured by area (m²), with 300 m² at ₹150 per square meter totaling ₹45,000.
Bhadanis Quantity Surveyors Training Institute: Your Gateway to Mastering Billing Engineering for Civil Engineers
Billing engineering is an essential aspect of construction project management. It ensures that work is accurately measured, documented, and billed in a transparent and efficient manner. Whether you're involved in road construction, building projects, or infrastructure development, a strong understanding of billing engineering will make you a valuable asset to any project team. If you're a civil engineer seeking to enhance your knowledge in this critical area, look no further than Bhadanis Quantity Surveyors Training Institute.
At Bhadanis Quantity Surveyors Training Institute, we offer comprehensive online training designed to equip civil engineers with the necessary skills in billing engineering. Our courses are tailored to meet the demands of the modern construction industry, and our expert instructors provide practical insights based on years of hands-on experience.
Here are some reasons why Bhadanis is the right choice for your billing engineering training:
Our trainers at Bhadanis have years of experience in the construction industry, particularly in the field of quantity surveying and billing engineering. The course is designed to provide practical knowledge, which can be applied directly to construction projects. Whether you're dealing with residential, commercial, road, or bridge construction, our training will help you navigate the complexities of billing for each type of project.
Our online course on billing engineering for civil engineers covers a wide range of topics that are essential for mastering the discipline. Key areas include:
Our courses focus on real-world applications, ensuring that what you learn is relevant and immediately applicable to your daily tasks. We cover both basic and advanced topics, making the course suitable for both freshers and experienced professionals. Our training is especially beneficial for those involved in large-scale projects such as highways, bridges, and high-rise buildings.
With Bhadanis Quantity Surveyors Training Institute’s online platform, you can access course materials at your own pace. Our interactive training modules include video tutorials, case studies, quizzes, and assignments, which allow you to engage deeply with the material and solidify your understanding. Whether you're a busy professional or a fresh graduate, our flexible learning approach ensures that you can balance your education with your other commitments.
Upon completion of our online training, you will receive a certification that adds immense value to your professional portfolio. This certification is a testament to your proficiency in billing engineering, showcasing your commitment to excellence in the construction industry. It also significantly enhances your career prospects, making you more competitive in the job market.
We understand that civil engineering is a diverse field, and that's why our training is tailored to meet the specific needs of civil engineers. The Bhadanis Quantity Surveyors Training Institute focuses on the aspects of billing engineering that directly affect your work, including cost control, budgeting, and contract management. Whether you're looking to enhance your existing skills or dive into new areas of quantity surveying, we offer specialized training designed for civil engineers.
We believe in making high-quality education accessible. Bhadanis offers affordable pricing for all our courses without compromising on the quality of content. Plus, being an online course, it is accessible from anywhere in the world. This means that you can gain world-class knowledge and certifications without the need to travel or take time off work.
At Bhadanis Quantity Surveyors Training Institute, we are committed to providing civil engineers with the skills they need to excel in billing engineering. Whether you're just starting out or looking to expand your expertise, our online training programs are designed to help you become proficient in this critical aspect of construction management. Join us today and take the next step in advancing your career in civil engineering.
For more details, visit Bhadanis Quantity Surveyors Training Institute and start your journey toward becoming a billing engineering expert.Tue Dec 24, 2024
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